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Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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The cGAS‒STING pathway in colorectal cancer: bridging innate immunity and therapeutic strategies

Wen-Jing Li1,2, Guang-Hui Dong3, Yao Bi4

  • 1Central Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital & Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR
|October 9, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Colorectal cancer (CRC) therapies face challenges. Targeting the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway shows promise for new immunotherapies by modulating the tumor microenvironment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality globally.
  • Current CRC treatments are limited by toxicity, resistance, and poor tumor targeting.
  • While immunotherapy shows potential, its effectiveness in CRC is restricted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual roles of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway in CRC.
  • To explore its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • To summarize advancements in STING-targeted therapies and nanomedicine approaches for CRC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cGAS-STING pathway activation and function in CRC.
  • Analysis of STING's role in antitumor immunity and intestinal inflammation.
  • Examination of nanotechnology-based STING agonist delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • The cGAS-STING pathway exhibits dual roles in CRC, potentially triggering antitumor immunity or promoting inflammation.
  • Nanotechnology enables precise delivery of STING agonists, offering new strategies to overcome treatment resistance.
  • STING-targeted therapies, including monotherapy and combinations, are emerging as promising approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the complex functions of cGAS-STING in CRC is crucial for developing effective immunotherapies.
  • Targeting the cGAS-STING pathway, particularly with nanomedicine, presents a novel strategy to enhance CRC treatment efficacy.
  • Future research should focus on optimizing STING activation for improved selectivity and therapeutic outcomes in CRC.
Keywords:
Colorectal cancerImmunotherapyInnate immunityNanocarrierTumor microenvironmentcGAS-STING pathway

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