Determinants of decision-making in orthognathic surgery among patients in Ha'il region, Saudi Arabia

Orthognathic surgery is essential for addressing severe dentofacial deformities, improving both function and aesthetics. In Ha'il, Saudi Arabia, the decision-making process for this surgery is influenced by a range of medical, psychological, and social factors. This study examined the key factors influencing patients' decisions to undergo orthognathic surgery in Ha'il.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019-2023, involving 27 patients in Ha'il who either required or had undergone orthognathic surgery. Data were collected through structured interviews covering demographics, medical history, consultation experiences, and decision influences. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression models, were performed with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Among the participants, 59.3% were male, and Class III malocclusion was the most prevalent deformity (59.3%). Aesthetic concerns were the primary motivator for 48.1% of patients, while functional concerns drove 18.5%. Only 44.4% of participants reported receiving comprehensive information about the surgery's risks and benefits. Healthcare professionals were the main decision influencers, cited by 51.9% of participants, while social stigma impacted 25.9%. Cultural beliefs had minimal influence on the decision-making process.

The decision to undergo orthognathic surgery in Ha'il is predominantly driven by aesthetic concerns, with healthcare professionals playing a crucial role in patient education. Cultural beliefs have little influence, though social stigma is a notable factor. Enhancing patient education could improve decision-making, aligning with Saudi Vision 2030's healthcare goals.