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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents
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Chewing Gum as a Delivery System for Cannabidiol: A Commentary.

Peter Pressman1, A Wallace Hayes2, Ahmed M Hamam3

  • 1University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.

Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids
|October 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cannabidiol (CBD)-infused chewing gum presents a novel drug delivery system for therapeutic applications. Further research is needed to optimize absorption, dosing, and safety for this promising cannabinoid medication.

Keywords:
CBDCannabisChewing gumDrug delivery systemTHC

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Cannabidiol (CBD) integration into chewing gum is a novel approach for cannabinoid therapeutics.
  • Chewing gum as a delivery system may enhance bioavailability and efficacy via oral mucosa absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of cannabinoid-infused chewing gum for various health conditions.
  • To highlight therapeutic benefits for oral health, anxiety, and pain management.
  • To review advantages of chewing gum for discreet self-medication and rapid effects.

Main Methods:

  • Commentary and literature review on cannabinoid-infused chewing gum.
  • Exploration of therapeutic properties of cannabinoids (anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, anxiolytic).
  • Analysis of chewing gum as a drug delivery vehicle.

Main Results:

  • Cannabinoid-infused chewing gum shows potential for managing oral health, anxiety, and pain.
  • Therapeutic properties of cannabinoids may be impactful in the oral cavity.
  • Chewing gum offers discrete self-medication with potentially rapid onset of effects.

Conclusions:

  • Significant research gaps exist regarding absorption, dosing precision, and long-term safety.
  • Addressing these challenges will establish cannabinoid-infused chewing gum as a versatile drug delivery system.
  • Further clinical research is essential to validate the efficacy and safety of cannabinoid-based chewing gum.