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Caspases

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...

Structural Protein Function

Structural Protein Function

Structural Protein Function

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
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Protein Organization

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Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence....

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches

Published on: October 13, 2022

Protein Target Highlights in CASP16: Insights From the Structure Providers.

Leila T Alexander^1,2, Océane M Follonier^1,2,3, Andriy Kryshtafovych⁴

¹Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

|October 9, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP16) targets, finding impressive protein structure prediction but noting challenges in modeling complex features. Improving these predictions will enhance their utility in biological research and medicine.

Keywords:

CASP X‐ray crystallography cryo‐EM protein structure prediction

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Published on: October 20, 2021

Area of Science:

Structural biology
Computational biology
Biochemistry

Background:

The Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP) is a community-wide experiment to assess the accuracy of protein structure prediction methods.
Accurate protein structure prediction is crucial for understanding biological function and disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze selected CASP16 targets, evaluating the biological and functional significance of these proteins.
To assess the performance of protein structure prediction methods in reproducing key protein features.
To identify persistent challenges in protein structure prediction.

Main Methods:

Analysis of selected targets from the CASP16 experiment.
Evaluation of protein features relevant to biological and functional significance.
Comparison of predicted structures against experimentally determined structures (where available).

Main Results:

Protein structure prediction methods demonstrate impressive overall performance.
Specific challenges remain in accurately modeling rare structural motifs, flexible regions, and small molecule interactions.
Difficulties were also noted in predicting post-translational modifications and biologically important protein-protein interfaces.

Conclusions:

Despite advancements, current structure prediction methods require further refinement to address complex biological features.
Overcoming these limitations will enhance the integration of structure prediction with experimental methods.
Improved structure prediction will accelerate basic research and the development of biomedical applications.