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Microfluidic Wet-Spun Core-Shell Elastomer Fibers with Integrated Sensing and Actuation Capabilities.

Dongpeng Sun1,2, Baoling Guo3, Anxun Zhang2

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel core-shell fiber combining liquid metal sensing and liquid crystal actuation. This multi-functional fiber enables precise control for smart textiles and soft robotics applications.

Keywords:
actuationcore–shellfibermicrofluidicssensing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Textile Engineering
  • Flexible Electronics

Background:

  • Advancements in textile engineering and flexible electronics necessitate integrated functional fibers.
  • Simultaneously integrating multiple functions within a single fiber system presents a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and prepare a core-shell elastomer fiber capable of simultaneous sensing and actuation.
  • To demonstrate the multi-functionality and control capabilities of the developed fiber system.

Main Methods:

  • Microfluidic wet spinning was employed to create a core-shell fiber with a conductive liquid metal (LM) core and an actuating liquid crystal (LC) shell.
  • The fiber's resistive sensing capabilities were characterized by its strain-dependent resistance changes.
  • The fiber's electrothermal actuation was assessed based on the nematic-isotropic phase transition of LC mesogens.

Main Results:

  • The conductive core exhibited stable strain-dependent resistive sensing with an 80% resistance change at 150% strain.
  • The actuating shell demonstrated efficient electrothermal actuation, achieving 30% strain at 1.2 V.
  • The integrated LM-LCE fibers showed good reproducibility, repeatability, tunability, and controllability.

Conclusions:

  • The developed core-shell fiber successfully integrates multi-functionality for smart sensing and actuation.
  • A closed-loop control system was established using the fiber's sensing and actuation for length regulation under varying loads.
  • This structure-function design is promising for advanced multi-functional fibers and diverse applications in smart systems.