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Related Concept Videos

LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

19.4K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

18.8K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
18.8K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

49.3K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
49.3K
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

17.2K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

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Revisiting Clonal Evolution Through the Light of Retrotransposons.

Anaïs Lamoureux1,2, Emilie Elvira-Matelot2, Françoise Porteu2

  • 1CNRS, UMR8590 IHPST, University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|October 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Retrotransposons, mobile genetic elements, may significantly influence cancer evolution. This study revisits the clonal evolution model, exploring how retrotranstransposons impact cancer initiation, progression, and clonal dynamics.

Keywords:
cancer cellcell fusionclonal evolutionhorizontal gene transferlineagesretrotransposons

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Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
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RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
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RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level

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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
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RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The clonal evolution model explains cancer development through accumulated genetic mutations and selective expansion of cancer cell lineages.
  • This model relies on specific assumptions that may not fully capture the complexity of tumor heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the clonal evolution model of cancer by incorporating the role of retrotransposons.
  • To explore how retrotransposon activity influences cancer initiation, progression, and clonal dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on retrotransposon activity in cancer.
  • Analysis of how retrotransposons align with and extend the clonal evolution model.

Main Results:

  • Retrotransposon activity is increasingly recognized for its role in driving cancer transformation and progression.
  • Retrotransposons can modulate cancer cell fitness, aligning with aspects of the clonal evolution model.

Conclusions:

  • Retrotransposons represent a significant factor in cancer evolution, potentially expanding our understanding beyond the traditional clonal evolution model.
  • Further research into retrotransposon-mediated mechanisms is crucial for a comprehensive view of cancer development.