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  11. Clinical Overview Of Snakes Presenting To A North Carolina Wildlife Clinic: A 25-year Retrospective Review (1999-2023)

CLINICAL OVERVIEW OF SNAKES PRESENTING TO A NORTH CAROLINA WILDLIFE CLINIC: A 25-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (1999-2023)

Savannah N Dunn1,2, Olivia N Clark3,4, Kayla L Bonadie5,6

  • 1North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA, snoeldunn@gmail.com.

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine : Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
|October 9, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Over 25 years, North Carolina wildlife rehabilitation treated 152 snakes, with black rat snakes most common. Anthropogenic factors, especially netting, caused most trauma, but netting injuries had higher survival rates.

Area of Science:

  • Wildlife rehabilitation
  • Herpetology
  • Veterinary medicine

Background:

  • 152 free-ranging snakes were treated at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine between 1999 and 2023.
  • Peak admission months were May to September, with 73.7% of snakes arriving during this period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a clinical overview of snakes admitted to a North Carolina wildlife rehabilitation center.
  • To understand factors affecting wild snakes and the success of rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 152 snake admissions over 25 years (1999-2023).
  • Data collected included species, admission date, length of stay, reason for admission, and outcome.
  • Statistical analysis to determine common species, peak seasons, and survival rates.

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Main Results:

  • Black rat snakes (Pantherophis spp.) were the most frequent species (45.4%), followed by black racers (Coluber constrictor; 19.1%) and water snakes (Nerodia spp.; 10.5%).
  • Trauma was the most common admission reason, with over 50% linked to anthropogenic factors. Netting entanglement was the most prevalent complaint (19.1%).
  • Snakes with netting trauma had a 2.6x higher survival rate. Overall survival was 44.1% (63/152 snakes).

Conclusions:

  • Wildlife rehabilitation centers manage a variety of snake species, with significant numbers affected by human activities.
  • Netting entanglement is a major threat but surprisingly associated with better survival outcomes.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for improving snake conservation and rehabilitation strategies.