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Properties of Transition Metals

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

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Schottky Barriers
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light

Published on: July 29, 2013

Disorder-driven non-Anderson transition in a Weyl semimetal.

Cong Li¹, Yang Wang¹, Jianfeng Zhang²

¹Department of Applied Physics, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 11419, Sweden.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|October 9, 2025

Summary

Researchers experimentally observed a novel quantum phase transition driven by disorder in the Weyl semimetal NdAlSi. This non-Anderson transition suppresses topological surface states, providing the first direct evidence of this theoretically predicted phenomenon.

Keywords:

ARPES Weyl semimetal electronic structure non-Anderson transition

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Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

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Published on: March 24, 2019

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Materials Science

Background:

A long-standing belief held that disordered electronic systems only exhibit Anderson localization-driven metal-insulator transitions.
Recent theories predict a distinct disorder-driven non-Anderson phase transition, but experimental evidence has been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally demonstrate and characterize the disorder-driven non-Anderson phase transition.
To visualize the electronic structure changes in a Weyl semimetal under varying disorder levels.

Main Methods:

Utilized angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to probe the electronic structure.
Investigated the Weyl semimetal NdAlSi with controlled surface disorder.

Main Results:

Observed suppression of all surface states, including topological Fermi arcs, in NdAlSi with increasing disorder.
Linked the disappearance of Fermi arcs to the vanishing of the topological invariant.
Identified a quantum phase transition from a Weyl semimetal to a diffusive metal.

Conclusions:

Provided the first direct experimental evidence of a non-Anderson disorder-driven quantum phase transition.
Confirmed theoretical predictions of a novel phase transition mechanism in quantum systems.
Highlighted the role of disorder in fundamentally altering topological properties of semimetals.