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Landscape of Prophylactic Strategies Against Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3
Clémence Vacher1,2,3,4, Julia Dubois1,3,4,5, Marie-Eve Hamelin2,3,4
1CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team VirPath, Inserm, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Abstract:
Human parainfluenza virus-type 3 (HPIV3) is a respiratory virus responsible for mild illnesses in most of the population and severe illnesses, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in young children, immunocompromised individuals and the elderly. To date, no vaccines nor antiviral drugs have been approved against HPIV3, despite its significant burden in vulnerable people. In this review, we present both past and current prophylactic strategies against HPIV3, such as live-attenuated virus, vector-based, subunit and mRNA vaccine candidates or antibody-based passive protection. For each strategy, we give an overview of the most promising candidates evaluated in preclinical studies and we report immunogenicity and protection data from clinical trials. Finally, we discuss the most important challenges regarding those vaccine strategies and their potential administration to the different vulnerable populations.
Insights
No approved vaccines exist for Human parainfluenza virus-type 3 (HPIV3), a common respiratory virus. This review explores promising vaccine and antibody strategies to protect vulnerable populations from severe HPIV3 illness.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Human parainfluenza virus-type 3 (HPIV3) causes mild respiratory illness in most but severe disease in vulnerable groups.
- There are currently no approved vaccines or antiviral treatments for HPIV3.
- HPIV3 poses a significant health burden, particularly for infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current and past prophylactic strategies against HPIV3.
- To evaluate promising vaccine candidates and antibody-based protection.
- To discuss challenges and administration for vulnerable populations.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical studies on HPIV3 vaccine candidates.
- Analysis of immunogenicity and protection data from clinical trials.
- Assessment of various prophylactic approaches including live-attenuated, vector-based, subunit, and mRNA vaccines, and antibody therapies.
Main Results:
- Several promising vaccine candidates (live-attenuated, vector-based, subunit, mRNA) and antibody-based strategies are under investigation.
- Preclinical data show potential, with some candidates progressing to clinical trials.
- Immunogenicity and protection data from clinical trials are being gathered for various approaches.
Conclusions:
- Multiple prophylactic strategies are being developed for HPIV3.
- Further research and clinical trials are needed to overcome challenges and establish effective HPIV3 prevention.
- Tailored administration strategies are crucial for protecting vulnerable populations.
