Targeted nanosponge-based treatment for pulmonary hypertension: A novel approach

Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a progressive and potentially fatal condition marked by high pulmonary artery pressure, resulting in heart failure and reduced oxygenation. Despite advancements in treatments, therapeutic options for PH remain limited, particularly in cases resistant to conventional therapies. In biomedical research, nanotechnology has become a potential area of study, presenting novel approaches to drug delivery and tissue targeting. Nanosponges, a class of nanoparticles with porous structures, have gained attention for their ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents, enhance drug stability, and provide controlled release. Nanosponges can be engineered to deliver vasodilators, anti-inflammatory drugs, and gene therapies directly to the pulmonary vasculature, minimizing systemic side effects and improving drug efficacy. Additionally, their unique surface properties allow for targeted delivery to specific cells or tissues involved in PH, such as the pulmonary arteries' smooth muscle and endothelial cells. This review explores the potential role of nanosponges in pulmonary hypertension, highlighting recent advances in their design and functionalization. The integration of nanosponges into PH therapy could revolutionize the treatment landscape, offering more effective and individualized treatment plans.