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  1. Home
  3. Research Domains
  5. Law And Legal Studies
  7. International And Comparative Law
  9. Conflict Of Laws (incl. Private International Law)
  11. Crossing Lines: Expiration Of Title 42 And The Injury Landscape At The Us-mexico Border

Crossing Lines: Expiration of Title 42 and the Injury Landscape at the US-Mexico Border

Parisa Oviedo1, John R Austin1, Louis Perkins1

  • 1Department of Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|October 9, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Border crossing injuries did not increase after Title 42 expiration. While monthly injuries during the Title 42 public health mandate period showed an upward trend, this flattened post-expiration, indicating no direct correlation.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Border Health

Background:

  • Title 42, a public health mandate allowing migrant expulsions, was in effect from 2020 until May 11, 2023.
  • This policy's expiration raised concerns about potential increases in border crossing injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the trend of border crossing injuries before and after the expiration of Title 42.
  • To analyze demographic shifts and healthcare utilization among injured migrants.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of adult patients injured during border crossings at five US trauma centers.
  • Comparison of injury data from November 10, 2022-May 10, 2023 (Title 42 Era) and May 11, 2023-November 12, 2023 (Post 42 Era).
  • Data included demographics, injury types, surgical needs, hospital outcomes, and charges.
Keywords:
Border healthCross-border traumaHealth policyHealthcare disparities

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Main Results:

  • Monthly border crossing injuries showed an upward trend during the Title 42 Era, which ceased post-expiration.
  • A demographic shift was observed, with fewer Central Americans and more South Americans in the Post 42 Era.
  • Median hospital charges per patient increased from $95,740 to $104,678 post-Title 42 expiration.

Conclusions:

  • The expiration of Title 42 was not correlated with an increase in monthly border-related injuries.
  • Significant differences in patient demographics and hospital charges were noted between the Title 42 and Post 42 Eras.
  • Discharge destinations shifted, with more patients discharged to law enforcement in the Post 42 Era.
Immigrant
Title 42
Trauma