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Anatomical variability in the quadriceps tendon: structural layering and patellar insertion patterns.
Hyun Jin Park1, Seong-Kyu Choi2, Hongtae Kim2
1Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268, Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea.
The Knee
|October 9, 2025
Summary
Quadriceps tendon anatomy varies significantly in elderly Koreans, with four distinct layering types identified. Understanding these variations is key for improving knee surgery outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Orthopedics
- Gerontology
Background:
- The quadriceps tendon is vital for knee stability and extension.
- Its anatomical variability, especially in elderly populations, is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate anatomical variations in the quadriceps tendon of elderly Korean cadavers.
- To analyze the structural layering and muscle contributions at the patellar insertion.
Main Methods:
- Dissection of 63 quadriceps tendon specimens from 35 Korean cadavers.
- Assessment of the composition and arrangement of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus intermedius (VI).
Main Results:
- Four distinct quadriceps tendon configurations were identified based on muscle layering.
- Type 1 (40%) showed RF superficial, VM/VL middle, VI deep; Type 2 (40%) had RF merging with VM/VL.
- Type 3 (15%) lacked VM contribution; Type 4 (5%) comprised only RF and VI. Vastus muscles were often larger than RF and VI.
Conclusions:
- Significant anatomical variability exists in the quadriceps tendon of elderly Koreans.
- These findings suggest personalized surgical approaches may enhance knee procedure outcomes.
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