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[Translated article] DNA Repair Enzymes for Actinic Keratoses and Keratinocyte Cancer: A Systematic Review of
M Claudia Matei1, T Gracia-Cazaña1, M Almenara Blasco1
1Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
Abstract:
The difficulty of traditional photoprotectors in preventing actinic keratoses (AK) and keratinocyte skin cancer has led to research into new photoprotection measures. DNA repair enzymes are compounds that aim to increase the repair of DNA damaged by UV radiation and thus reduce the risk of carcinogenesis. We conducted a systematic review on the use of DNA repair enzymes in the prevention and treatment of precancerous and cancerous skin conditions in full compliance with the PRISMA guidelines, including stud ies published from 2000 to 2024. A total of 486 articles were identified, 20 of which 20 were included: 9 randomized clinical trials and 11 quasi-experimental trials. A total of 8 studies focused on photolyase, 6 on endonuclease, and 6 on combinations of different DNA repair enzymes. DNA repair enzymes reduce DNA damage and prevent skin cancer, especially when combined with each other as well as with traditional photoprotectors and other substances such as antioxidants. The heterogeneity of the studies limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions.
Insights
DNA repair enzymes show promise in preventing skin cancer by mending UV-induced DNA damage. Combining these enzymes with traditional sunscreens and antioxidants may enhance their effectiveness, though more research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology and Molecular Biology
- Photobiology and Carcinogenesis
Background:
- Traditional photoprotectors face challenges in preventing actinic keratoses and skin cancer.
- DNA repair enzymes offer a novel approach to mitigate UV-induced DNA damage and reduce cancer risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the efficacy of DNA repair enzymes in preventing and treating precancerous and cancerous skin conditions.
- To synthesize findings from randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies published between 2000 and 2024.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Inclusion of 20 studies (9 RCTs, 11 quasi-experimental) from 486 identified articles.
- Analysis focused on photolyase, endonuclease, and combined enzyme therapies.
Main Results:
- DNA repair enzymes demonstrate potential in reducing DNA damage and preventing skin cancer.
- Combinations of DNA repair enzymes, photoprotectors, and antioxidants appear particularly effective.
- Specific enzymes studied include photolyase and endonuclease.
Conclusions:
- DNA repair enzymes represent a promising strategy for skin cancer prevention and treatment.
- Synergistic effects observed when combining DNA repair enzymes with other protective agents.
- Study heterogeneity necessitates further research for definitive conclusions.
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