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Related Concept Videos

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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Relationship between ATFL-CFL-PTFL angle and subtalar instability.

Jun Zhou1, Wei Wang2, Ying He3

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Xuyong County People's Hospital, Luzhou, China.

The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery : Official Publication of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons
|October 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subtalar joint instability (STJI) may be diagnosed using lateral ankle ligament angles. Most STJI patients showed significantly higher ATFL-PTFL-CFL angles compared to controls, suggesting its diagnostic utility.

Keywords:
AngleAnterior talofibular ligamentCalcaneofibular ligamentMRIPosterior talofibular ligamentSubtalar joint instability

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic research
  • Medical imaging analysis
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Ankle stability relies on lateral ligaments, including the Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATFL), Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL), and Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTFL).
  • Limited research exists on variations in ATFL, CFL, and PTFL angles in patients experiencing subtalar joint instability (STJI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between the ATFL-CFL-PTFL angles and STJI.
  • To explore the potential of these angles as a novel indicator for effective STJI evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective case series design was employed.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to compare ankle ligament angles in 110 STJI patients and 110 controls.
  • ATFL-CFL-PTFL angles were measured and compared between the STJI and control groups.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed in ATFL-PTFL, ATFL-CFL, and PTFL-CFL angles between the STJI and control groups.
  • The STJI group exhibited higher average angles: ATFL-PTFL (86.3° ± 3.6°), ATFL-CFL (131.4° ± 4.7°), and PTFL-CFL (96.5° ± 4.0°).
  • The control group showed lower average angles: ATFL-PTFL (79.5° ± 3.8°), ATFL-CFL (126.8° ± 3.5°), and PTFL-CFL (86.3° ± 2.9°).

Conclusions:

  • While ATFL-PTFL-CFL angle distribution shows overlap between STJI and control groups, higher values are prevalent in STJI patients.
  • These ligament angles show promise as a secondary diagnostic index for identifying subtalar joint instability.