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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Systems01:22

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Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically...
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Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
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Origami-inspired reprogrammable microactuator system.

Vincent Gottwald1, Lena Seigner1, Makoto Ohtsuka2

  • 1Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.

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|October 9, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel microactuator system using shape memory alloys for programmable origami-like folding. The system enables precise control over miniature structures, allowing them to transform between complex shapes like pyramids and tables.

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Area of Science:

  • Micro-robotics and Micro-mechanics
  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Soft Robotics

Background:

  • Traditional microactuators often lack reprogrammability and complex motion capabilities.
  • Origami principles offer a scalable approach to creating complex deployable structures at the microscale.
  • Integrating magnetic latching with shape memory alloys presents opportunities for advanced micro-manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a reprogrammable microactuator system for controlled bidirectional folding of micro-scale tiles.
  • To integrate magnetic latching capabilities for enhanced structural control and manipulation.
  • To enable selective control of thermo-mechanical and thermo-magnetic properties via Joule heating.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing antagonistic shape memory alloy (SMA) microactuators for precise folding control.
  • Integrating soft-magnetic pads with low ferromagnetic transition temperature for magnetic latching.
  • Employing model-based design considering coupled thermo-mechanical and thermo-magnetic properties.
  • Developing a microfabrication process tailored for diverse material requirements.
  • Implementing a local shape-setting procedure for SMA microactuators to define memory shapes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a reprogrammable system capable of bidirectional folding with an angular range of ±100°.
  • Successful programming of a micro-scale demonstrator (four triangular tiles, 500 µm edge length) into a pyramid shape.
  • Reprogramming capability shown for self-unlatching, unfolding, and reconfiguration into a table shape.
  • Validation of selective control through Joule heating of coupled SMA and magnetic subsystems.

Conclusions:

  • The presented microactuator system offers a versatile platform for programmable micro-scale origami.
  • The integration of SMAs and magnetic latching provides robust control over micro-structures.
  • The developed microfabrication and shape-setting techniques are crucial for realizing functional micro-devices.