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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2022

Conjunctival histopathological changes associated with netarsudil 0.02.

Michelle T Sun^1,2, Chaow Charoenkijkajorn³, Jonathan H Lin³

¹Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. michelle.sun@adelaide.edu.au.

Eye (London, England)

|October 9, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Topical netarsudil 0.02% use in glaucoma patients was associated with significantly thicker conjunctival epithelium and a higher likelihood of conjunctival inflammation. These changes may impact surgical outcomes, warranting further investigation.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Histopathology

Background:

Glaucoma management often involves multiple topical medications.
Netarsudil is a Rho-kinase inhibitor used for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate histopathological changes in the conjunctiva of patients using topical netarsudil 0.02%.

Main Methods:

Observational comparative case series of conjunctival specimens from glaucoma surgery patients.
Histopathological analysis and inflammation scoring by three independent pathologists.

Main Results:

Patients using netarsudil showed significantly thicker conjunctival epithelium (90.1 µm vs 43.2 µm) and a trend towards higher epithelial cell thickness.
All netarsudil-treated samples exhibited inflammation (≥0.5 score) compared to 64.7% of non-netarsudil users (p=0.03).
No significant histopathological differences were found in patients who had ceased netarsudil prior to analysis.

Conclusions:

Conjunctiva exposed to netarsudil may exhibit increased inflammation compared to other glaucoma medication regimens.
These histopathological findings could have implications for glaucoma surgery outcomes.
Further studies are needed to correlate these changes with clinical outcomes.