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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Weak Acid Solutions

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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Screening of Coatings for an All-Solid-State Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Cationic Point Defect Fluoride to Improve Reaction Kinetics in (All) Solid-State Li Batteries.

Seong Hee Jeong1, Seungun Shin2, Dongil Kim1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.

ACS Nano
|October 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a cationic defect concept using Li3+xAl1-x/3F6 coatings to stabilize nickel-rich cathode materials (NCM) in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), enhancing performance and durability.

Keywords:
DFT calculationsall-solid-state batteriescationic point defectcoatinginterfaceionic conductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Nickel-rich cathode materials (NCM) offer high capacity for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs).
  • Interfacial side reactions between NCM and electrolytes cause increased resistance and capacity fading, limiting practical applications.
  • Controlling interfacial reactions is crucial for developing high-energy LIBs and ASSBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and implement a cationic defect concept for stabilizing NCM cathodes.
  • To reduce interfacial resistance and enhance structural stability in both LIBs and ASSBs.
  • To improve the electrochemical properties and cycling performance of NCM cathodes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of Li3+xAl1-x/3F6 coating models based on the cationic defect concept.
  • Application of Li3.3Al0.9F6 coating on NCM cathodes.
  • Investigation of coating composition effects on reversibility and interfacial stability under various conditions (high-temperature, high-voltage).

Main Results:

  • The Li3.3Al0.9F6 coating exhibits high ionic conductivity and voltage stability.
  • Effective control of interfacial side reactions at both liquid and solid electrolyte interfaces.
  • Significant reduction in interfacial resistance and improvement in cycling performance of NCM cathodes.

Conclusions:

  • The cationic defect concept successfully enhances the interfacial stability and electrochemical properties of NCM cathodes.
  • The Li3.3Al0.9F6 coating contributes to the realization of high-energy LIBs and ASSBs.
  • This approach provides a pathway for developing highly stable cathode materials for advanced battery applications.