Report on Vibrio Species Contamination in Shrimp From the Coast of Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia

Bacterial infections in aquatic organisms pose a significant threat to shrimp aquaculture, often leading to production losses. In Pangandaran Regency, early shrimp harvesting is frequently practiced as a response to outbreaks. Previous studies have documented Vibrio and non-Vibrio bacteria in pond water and sediments at five stations, but infections in shrimp tissues remain less explored. This study aimed to identify pathogenic Vibrio species in vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and wild black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), examine toxin genes, and quantify bacterial abundance. Samples were collected from five stations and analyzed using culture media, Gram staining and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus were detected at Stations 1 and 5, whereas only V. alginolyticus appeared at Stations 2, 3 and 4. Station 1 showed the highest Vibrio abundance (1.3767 × 10⁶ CFU/g), while Station 3 recorded the lowest (0.009 × 10⁶ CFU/g), with significant differences (p < 0.05). Non-Vibrio bacteria dominated most stations, except at Station 1 where Vibrio species were predominant. Toxin gene analysis revealed toxR in some isolates, while tdh, trh, pirA and pirB were absent. These findings emphasize the importance of bacterial and genetic monitoring to improve disease surveillance and support sustainable shrimp aquaculture.