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Are Sculptable Bulk-Fill Composites Susceptible to Color Change: A Systematic Review
Jamieson Wong1, Constance Yeo1, Michelle The1
1Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia.
Objectives:
This systematic review examines changes in optical properties of sculptable bulk-fill resin composites in staining media, highlighting the potential impact on the long-term aesthetic performance.
Materials And Methods:
Electronic searches across MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS were conducted in January 2025 and updated on 27/05/2025. The RoBDEMAT framework (Risk of Bias tool for Pre-Clinical Dental Material Research) was utilized for risk of bias assessment. Inclusion criteria were primary studies in English, in vitro studies with a control group, and spectroscopic measurement of optical properties. Studies with visual color determination, no control group, materials other than sculptable bulk-fills, and no full text available were excluded.
Results:
Twelve studies were selected for analysis. Coffee, tea, wine, and tomato-based products generally caused greater staining than lighter-colored or acidic beverages, while non-pigment control media caused minimal but measurable changes. Compared to other restorative materials, some bulk-fills (SonicFill, Fill-up) performed better, whereas fiber-reinforced everX exhibited greater susceptibility to color change and whitening index variation, particularly after bleaching.
Conclusions:
Sculptable bulk-fills showed variable color stability, with performance influenced by material type, polishing, staining medium, and duration of exposure. Wide methodological variability hindered meta-analytical comparisons, highlighting the need for standardized research protocols.
Clinical Significance:
This systematic review highlights that the color stability of bulk-fill composites is highly material-dependent, with certain products more resistant to staining and bleaching-induced changes than others. Clinically, this underscores the importance of material selection in achieving long-term aesthetic outcomes, particularly for restorations in patients with high consumption of staining beverages or undergoing bleaching treatments.
Registration:
PROSPERO CRD42024603712.
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