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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts
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Er-intercalated Ti3C2T x MXene electrocatalyst for efficient energy conversion.

Shamaila Fatima1, Irfan Ali1, Aumber Abbas2

  • 1Physics Characterization and Simulations Lab (PCSL), Department of Physics & Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad 44000 Pakistan syedrizwan@sns.nust.edu.pk syedrizwanh83@gmail.com +92 51 886 5599.

RSC Advances
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Summary

Researchers developed erbium-intercalated Ti3C2Tx MXene nanocomposites for efficient green hydrogen production. This bifunctional catalyst shows excellent hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, advancing sustainable energy solutions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Bifunctional catalysts are crucial for sustainable green hydrogen production via water splitting.
  • MXenes, like Ti3C2Tx, show promise due to their unique properties, but achieving balanced hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) activity is challenging.
  • Precious metal electrocatalysts are currently the benchmark for water splitting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate novel bifunctional electrocatalysts based on erbium-intercalated Ti3C2Tx MXene (Er@Ti3C2Tx) for overall water splitting.
  • To investigate the catalytic performance, stability, and structural characteristics of the developed nanocomposite.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Ti3C2Tx MXene and Er@Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites.
  • Electrochemical characterization including cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and chronoamperometry in alkaline media (1 M KOH).
  • Structural and morphological analysis using XRD, SEM, EDX, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Main Results:

  • Er@Ti3C2Tx demonstrated excellent HER activity (256 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm-2) and superior OER activity (381 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm-2).
  • The catalyst exhibited long-term stability and durability during chronoamperometry tests.
  • Structural analysis confirmed successful erbium intercalation, increasing the d-spacing to 12.2 Å and reducing charge-transfer resistance, indicating enhanced kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • Er@Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites are highly effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting in alkaline media.
  • The intercalation of erbium significantly enhances the catalytic performance and stability of Ti3C2Tx MXene.
  • These findings offer a promising pathway towards developing cost-effective and efficient electrocatalysts for green hydrogen production.