Alternative Modalities for Temporal Bone Training in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Surgical Training
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Traditional temporal bone training relies on cadaveric dissection and didactic methods.
• There is a need for innovative and accessible training modalities in otolaryngology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically appraise alternate temporal bone training techniques.
• Compare virtual reality (VR) simulation, 3D-printed models, and mental practice (MP) against traditional and cadaver methods.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases.
• Inclusion of 10 studies involving 322 participants (ENT residents and medical students).
• Analysis of cost-effectiveness and performance metrics using tools like the Welling scale.

Main Results:

• Alternate methods yielded comparable or superior assessment scores to traditional approaches.
• VR simulation showed potential for reduced injury scores in some cases.
• 3D models and VR simulation demonstrated comparable or better performance for basic skill acquisition.

Conclusions:

• Further research is required to fully establish the equivalence of alternate methods to cadaveric dissection.
• 3D models and VR simulation present a promising future for temporal bone surgical training.
• These novel methods can enhance basic skill acquisition for trainees.