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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Using En Face Immunofluorescence Staining to Observe Vascular Endothelial Cells Directly
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Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis: Experimental Models and Therapeutics.

Vadym Kopych1,2, Avelino Dos Santos Da Costa1, Kwideok Park1,2

  • 1Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.

Biomaterials Research
|October 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This review explores endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis, detailing its mechanisms and experimental models. It highlights current and emerging therapeutic strategies for this cardiovascular disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a complex cardiovascular disease originating from endothelial dysfunction.
  • Endothelial cells (ECs) undergo structural and functional changes due to inflammation, oxidative stress, and disturbed shear stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
  • To provide an overview of experimental models used to study ECs in atherosclerosis.
  • To introduce current and emerging therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental models (in vitro and in vivo).
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction.
  • Survey of pharmacological, cell/gene, and nanomedicine therapies.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is central to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Various experimental models aid in understanding EC roles.
  • A range of therapeutic strategies are available and developing.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding endothelial dysfunction mechanisms is key to advancing atherosclerosis treatment.
  • Experimental models and novel technologies are crucial for therapeutic development.