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Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis: Experimental Models and Therapeutics

Vadym Kopych1,2, Avelino Dos Santos Da Costa1, Kwideok Park1,2

  • 1Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.

Biomaterials Research
|October 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This review explores endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis, detailing its mechanisms and experimental models. It highlights current and emerging therapeutic strategies for this cardiovascular disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a complex cardiovascular disease originating from endothelial dysfunction.
  • Endothelial cells (ECs) undergo structural and functional changes due to inflammation, oxidative stress, and disturbed shear stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
  • To provide an overview of experimental models used to study ECs in atherosclerosis.
  • To introduce current and emerging therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental models (in vitro and in vivo).
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction.
  • Survey of pharmacological, cell/gene, and nanomedicine therapies.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial dysfunction is central to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Various experimental models aid in understanding EC roles.
  • A range of therapeutic strategies are available and developing.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding endothelial dysfunction mechanisms is key to advancing atherosclerosis treatment.
  • Experimental models and novel technologies are crucial for therapeutic development.

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