Student migration trends in Kazakhstan: A dataset by settlement and region (2020-2024)

This data article presents a dataset on Kazakhstan's student migration within the country using the National Education Database (NEDB) for the years 2020-2024. The dataset includes transfers among schools for the country as a whole and year-by-year observations for the settlement type (urban or rural) and the region. To date, no publicly accessible datasets have been released at a comparable level of detail for educational mobility in Kazakhstan. The data were derived from the NEDB, a centralized administrative system where educational organizations report student-level data in real time, which ensures the relevance of the data. The entered data are confirmed by electronic digital signatures of the heads of organizations, which ensuring their relevance. It contains detailed information about each student of the educational organization and their longitudinal education information. While raw data in NEDB presented are just administrative records, the student migration data were derived from these records. Using the mentioned longitudinal data, general migration trends by year (2020-2024), overall migration between regions, migration in high mobility areas, migration between rural and urban areas, migration trends by grade level of secondary school students were calculated. General migration trend data by year and overall migration data between regions can further be aggregated into bigger administrative units if needed. This dataset was compiled as part of a broader research program on the education system of Kazakhstan that aims to forecast student enrollment, teacher requirements, and school infrastructure requirements. The gathered data also support school capacity planning, the evaluation of infrastructure burden, and determination of future demand for teachers and related educational resources.