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Incorporating HTA and VR Simulation to Teach Trainees in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Approaches
Shireen Samargandy1,2, David Ahmadian3, Jason Zhang4
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
The Laryngoscope
|October 10, 2025
Summary
This study presents a new virtual reality surgical training framework for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. It uses task analysis and error prediction to improve surgical skills and safety.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Medical Education
- Surgical Simulation
Background:
- Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery is complex and requires specialized training.
- Current training methods may lack structured error analysis and predictive capabilities.

