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Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
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Anesthesia management in thyroid surgery.

Stefano Falcetta1, Imran Ahmad2, Daniele Salvatore Paternò3

  • 1SOD Clinica di Anestesia e Rianimazione, AOU Delle Marche Ancona, Ancona, Italy.

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|October 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid surgery requires careful anesthetic planning due to airway proximity. A structured, individualized perioperative approach improves safety and outcomes for patients undergoing thyroidectomy.

Keywords:
airway managementartificial intelligenceperioperative carethyroid surgeryvideolaryngoscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Thyroid surgery poses unique anesthetic challenges due to the thyroid gland's proximity to the airway and vital neurovascular structures.
  • Increasing surgical volumes and evolving techniques necessitate a refined perioperative strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anesthetic challenges and perioperative management strategies for thyroid surgery.
  • To highlight the importance of a structured and individualized approach to enhance patient safety and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on anesthetic management for thyroid surgery.
  • Emphasis on preoperative assessment, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative care.
  • Exploration of advanced diagnostic tools and emerging technologies like artificial intelligence.

Main Results:

  • Meticulous preoperative assessment is crucial, especially in patients with goiter, tracheal deviation, or obesity.
  • Advanced tools like nasendoscopy and airway ultrasound aid risk stratification.
  • Intraoperative management involves careful airway planning, positioning, nerve monitoring, and hemodynamic stability; videolaryngoscopy is increasingly used.
  • Postoperative complications include hematoma, tracheomalacia, and hypocalcemia, requiring structured monitoring.
  • Artificial intelligence shows potential in improving prediction and decision-making for airway management.

Conclusions:

  • A context-sensitive, multidisciplinary approach throughout the perioperative period is vital for optimizing safety and outcomes in thyroid surgery.
  • Prioritizing airway assessment, vigilant intraoperative monitoring, and proactive postoperative care is essential for clinical practice and future research.