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Bidirectional interactions between circadian rhythms and the gut microbiome.

Jhommara Bautista1,2, Sofía Ojeda-Mosquera1, Adriana Altamirano-Colina1

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Host circadian rhythms and gut microbiota have a two-way relationship. Disrupting this synchrony causes disease, but chrononutrition strategies can restore balance and improve health.

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Area of Science:

  • * Chronobiology and Gut Microbiome Research
  • * Metabolic and Inflammatory Disease Pathogenesis
  • * Nutritional Science and Healthspan Interventions

Background:

  • * Circadian rhythms are endogenous biological cycles synchronized by environmental cues.
  • * Peripheral clocks in organs like the gut are crucial for local homeostasis.
  • * Gut microbiota exhibit diurnal fluctuations linked to host circadian mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the bidirectional communication between host circadian clocks and the gut microbiota.
  • * To elucidate how disruptions in this synchrony contribute to disease.
  • * To explore chrononutrition strategies for restoring health.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review synthesizing current research on host-microbiota circadian interactions.
  • * Analysis of molecular and physiological cross-talk mechanisms.
  • * Exploration of therapeutic potential of chronobiotics and time-restricted feeding.

Main Results:

  • * Host clocks influence microbial dynamics, and microbial metabolites modulate host circadian gene expression.
  • * Circadian-microbiota misalignment leads to dysbiosis, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammation.
  • * Misalignment is implicated in obesity, diabetes, IBD, and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • * Host circadian rhythms and gut microbiota engage in a critical bidirectional regulatory feedback loop.
  • * Disruptions in circadian-microbiota synchrony are a key driver of metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
  • * Chrononutrition, including time-restricted feeding, presents promising strategies for health restoration.