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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

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A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Rhinoplasty.

Ankur Khajuria1, Roshan S Rupra2, Kian Daneshi3

  • 1Kellogg College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|October 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for rhinoplasty lack standardization. While FACE-Q excels in aesthetic assessment, it fails to capture crucial functional outcomes, necessitating improved or dedicated tools.

Keywords:
FACE-QNOSEPatient reported outcomesQuality of lifeROERhinoplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Otolaryngology
  • Health Outcomes Research

Background:

  • Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are vital for assessing rhinoplasty results.
  • Currently, no universally accepted, validated PROM specifically for rhinoplasty exists.
  • Existing PROMs may not adequately capture both aesthetic and functional aspects of rhinoplasty outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing PROMs used in rhinoplasty research.
  • To identify gaps in current PROMs regarding aesthetic and functional outcome assessment.
  • To evaluate the robustness and applicability of identified PROMs for rhinoplasty.

Main Methods:

  • A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was performed across multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, etc.).
  • A priori protocol registration (CRD42024513514) ensured systematic methodology.
  • Risk of bias and study quality were assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool and the GRADE tool, respectively.

Main Results:

  • Twelve randomized controlled trials with 743 patients were analyzed.
  • Ten distinct PROMs were identified; FACE-Q met 19 of 21 development standards.
  • FACE-Q demonstrated limitations in assessing critical functional outcomes like nasal airway function and breathing.

Conclusions:

  • Significant heterogeneity exists in PROMs utilized for rhinoplasty research.
  • Current PROMs, including the robust FACE-Q, are insufficient for comprehensively evaluating both aesthetic and functional rhinoplasty outcomes.
  • There is a clear need for the development or refinement of a dedicated PROM to address the full spectrum of rhinoplasty patient needs.