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Environmental Noise Exposure and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ali Momen1, Angel M Dzhambov2,3, Bénédicte Jacquemin4

  • 1Occupational Health Department, School of Public Health, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohaday-e Gomnam Blvd., Pardis-e Olum Pezeshki, Yazd, 8915173160, Iran.

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Environmental noise, specifically traffic noise, shows no clear link to breast or colorectal cancer risk. More research is needed due to low evidence certainty and high study bias.

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EpidemiologyMeta-analysisNeoplasmsNoise exposureSystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Environmental noise is a known risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
  • The relationship between environmental noise and cancer risk is not well-established.
  • This review focuses on epidemiological evidence up to February 2025.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze epidemiological studies on environmental noise and cancer risk.
  • To synthesize current evidence on the association between traffic noise and cancer incidence or mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.
  • Inclusion of studies with over ten million participants, primarily from Europe.
  • Focus on road traffic noise exposure and its association with breast and colorectal cancers.

Main Results:

  • Pooled estimates showed no association between road traffic noise and breast cancer incidence (RR 1.01) or mortality (RR 0.98).
  • No significant association was found with colon cancer subtypes.
  • High risk of bias was noted in exposure assessment and confounding control across studies.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence does not support a link between traffic noise exposure and cancer incidence or mortality.
  • The certainty of evidence is very low due to methodological heterogeneity and high risk of bias.
  • Further high-quality research is required to clarify potential associations.