Religious, Spiritual, and Cultural Influences of Dysphagia in the USA

Dysphagia, difficulty with swallowing, affects approximately 16% of US adults and can result from conditions such as stroke, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. Despite growing emphasis on the intersection of religion/spirituality (R/S) and health, little research has examined these connections in dysphagia. This qualitative study explored the impact of dysphagia on engagement in R/S rituals and communities and access to cultural food traditions. It also examined ways that R/S beliefs shaped coping practices in persons with dysphagia and their caregivers. Data were gathered through focus group sessions as a part of an interprofessional support group. Participants' dysphagia symptoms were caused by a variety of conditions including cancer, Parkinson's disease, and cervical surgery. Thematic analysis revealed that dysphagia limited participants' ability to participate in religious rituals (e.g., communion), attend faith-based social events, and consume cultural foods. At the same time, themes from the focus groups highlighted the role of R/S in fostering resilience, gratitude, and meaning-making in the context of disability. R/S communities were also identified as crucial sources of support. Caregivers emphasized that their religious beliefs guided their caregiving roles and decisions. These findings underscore the need for holistic, person- and family-centered care that incorporates R/S assessment and intervention. This study contributes to the growing literature advocating for the integration of R/S dimensions into dysphagia, highlighting both challenges and opportunities for enhancing well-being in the face of chronic illness.