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Multiuser all-optical quantum network based on metasurfaces.

Shengshuai Liu1,2,3, Lin Li1,3, Yujie Wang4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University. Shanghai 200062, China.

Science Advances
|October 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created the largest continuous-variable quantum state sharing network using a compact metalens array. This breakthrough advances the development of secure, large-scale quantum networks for multiple users.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Optical Metasurfaces
  • Quantum Networking

Background:

  • Establishing large-scale multiuser quantum networks is essential for secure information transmission.
  • Current challenges include the need for massive and compact Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entangled states.
  • Continuous-variable (CV) quantum networks offer a promising avenue for quantum communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally generate a compact, large-scale continuous-variable (CV) Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement array.
  • To establish the largest all-optical quantum state sharing (AOQSS) network in the CV regime.
  • To demonstrate a novel metasurface-based approach for generating CV EPR entanglement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a metalens array to experimentally generate a 5x5 CV EPR entanglement array.
  • Constructed a five-user AOQSS network based on the generated compact EPR entanglement array.
  • Evaluated the network's performance by measuring its fidelity against classical limits.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated a compact 5x5 CV EPR entanglement array using a metalens array.
  • Established a five-user AOQSS network with fidelity surpassing the classical limit.
  • Demonstrated the largest AOQSS network in the CV regime to date.

Conclusions:

  • The metasurface-based approach provides a promising platform for generating massive and compact CV EPR entangled states.
  • This work paves the way for the construction of large-scale, all-optical multiuser quantum networks.
  • The compact generation of CV EPR entanglement using metasurfaces opens new possibilities for advanced quantum network development.