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ChatGPT-Based Chatbot for Help Quitting Smoking via Text Messaging: An Interventional Study.

Lorien C Abroms1, Christina N Wysota2, Artin Yousefi3

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|October 10, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A specialized large language model chatbot, BeFreeBot, integrated into a text messaging program, proved feasible and acceptable for smokers attempting to quit. The chatbot provided clear, trustworthy support, aiding participants in their smoking cessation journey.

Keywords:
ChatGPTSMS text messagingartificial intelligencechatbotscigaretteslarge language modelsmoking cessationtobacco

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Large language model (LLM) chatbots, like ChatGPT, show potential for supporting smoking cessation.
  • Integrating AI into existing interventions can enhance accessibility and engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a specialized LLM chatbot (BeFreeBot) within a text messaging smoking cessation program (BeFree).
  • To evaluate the fidelity of the BeFreeBot in delivering smoking cessation support.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving 23 participants who smoked cigarettes, recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk.
  • Participants used BeFreeBot alongside the BeFree text messaging intervention.
  • Feasibility and acceptability were measured through surveys at baseline and 4 weeks.
  • Chatbot interaction logs and transcript analyses assessed engagement and adherence to guidelines.

Main Results:

  • 70% of participants interacted with BeFreeBot, sending an average of 14.5 texts.
  • High satisfaction (72%) and perceived helpfulness (58%) were reported.
  • BeFreeBot demonstrated high fidelity, providing clear (100%), relevant (98.8%), and guideline-adherent (100%) responses.

Conclusions:

  • An LLM chatbot integrated into an SMS-based smoking cessation program is feasible and acceptable for smokers.
  • This approach offers a scalable and accessible tool for supporting individuals in quitting smoking.