Recent advances in graphene-based biosensors for point-of-care diagnostics

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Graphene's unique properties (high electron mobility, large surface area, biocompatibility) are ideal for sensitive biosensing.
• Graphene-based biosensors are emerging as powerful tools for point-of-care diagnostics.
• Recent technological advancements are enhancing their capabilities for real-time health monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances and innovations in graphene-based biosensors for point-of-care diagnostics.
• To highlight key technologies and their potential impact on disease detection.
• To discuss challenges and future directions for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent literature on graphene-based biosensor technologies.
• Focus on innovations such as graphene field-effect transistors, laser-induced graphene, and reduced graphene oxide.
• Exploration of integration with artificial intelligence and machine learning.

Main Results:

• Graphene field-effect transistors enable label-free, real-time monitoring for rapid clinical decisions.
• Low-cost, flexible, and wearable sensors are enabling continuous health monitoring.
• AI/ML integration optimizes sensor performance, sensitivity, and conductivity.
• Progress in microneedle patches and bio-LIG devices advances non-invasive diagnostics.

Conclusions:

• Graphene-based biosensors show significant potential to transform detection of cancer, infections, and metabolic disorders.
• Key innovations are paving the way for portable and non-invasive diagnostic tools.
• Addressing challenges in stability, reproducibility, and regulatory approval is crucial for clinical translation.