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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Evaluating ADHD screening tools: A comparative analysis of accuracy, cost, and complexity.

Jayden Mackie1, Caleb Ji2, Alan Davalos-Guzman1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Canada.

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|October 10, 2025
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Summary

Accurate Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) screening is crucial. This study found brief, inexpensive ADHD screening tools perform well, with self-reports often outperforming teacher reports.

Keywords:
ADHDAccuracyAssessmentRating scalesScreening tools

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Rising Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnoses necessitate validated screening tools.
  • Existing ADHD screening tools vary widely in accuracy, cost, and length.
  • Comparative data on ADHD screening tool performance is essential for clinical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comparative inventory of ADHD screening tools for clinicians.
  • To evaluate the balanced accuracy, item count, cost, and reporter type of ADHD screening instruments.
  • To examine predictive values of ADHD screening tools at realistic prevalence rates.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases (Jan 2021-July 2025).
  • Characterization of screening instruments for children, adolescents, and adults by reporter type.
  • Statistical modeling of balanced accuracy using mixed-effects beta regression, including cost, item count, and reporter type as predictors.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 74 assessments covering 40 unique ADHD screening tools.
  • Mean balanced accuracy was 76%, with self-report tools showing higher performance than teacher reports.
  • No significant association between cost and balanced accuracy; item count showed a slight, non-significant positive trend.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD screening tools demonstrate fair to good accuracy, with brief and lower-cost options performing effectively.
  • Reporter type differences were partially explained by age, suggesting age-appropriateness is key.
  • Low positive predictive values (PPV) but high negative predictive values (NPV) indicate positive screens require further assessment, while negative screens can reliably rule out ADHD.