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Modifying a loop region in ene-reductase to boost catalytic activity.

Gege Ma1, Dongxin Zhang1, Dongzhi Wei1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.

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Summary

Loop engineering enhances flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent ene-reductases (ERs) activity. Indel mutations in Loop 6 improved catalytic efficiency in OYE2p and other Old Yellow Enzymes (OYEs), paving the way for better biocatalyst applications.

Keywords:
Catalytic activityEne-reductaseIndel mutationLoop 6Loop engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis
  • Enzyme Engineering
  • Protein Engineering

Background:

  • Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent ene-reductases (ERs), part of the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) superfamily, are promising biocatalysts.
  • Their practical application is limited by suboptimal catalytic activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the catalytic activity of ERs using loop engineering.
  • To investigate the role of Loop 6 in ER function and substrate binding.

Main Methods:

  • Insertion and deletion (indel) mutations were introduced into Loop 6 of OYE2p.
  • Catalytic activity of mutants was assessed using model substrates and diverse alkenes.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to analyze structural changes.
  • Loop 6 engineering was tested on other OYE enzymes.

Main Results:

  • Indel mutants of OYE2p showed significantly improved catalytic activity compared to wild-type.
  • Specific insertion (F298insGGG) and deletion mutants demonstrated enhanced activity on various alkenes.
  • Simulations indicated reduced catalytic distances, a reshaped substrate pocket, and increased Loop 6 flexibility.
  • Comparable activity enhancements were observed in OYE1, OYE3, and NCR.

Conclusions:

  • Loop 6 plays a critical role in ER catalytic activity.
  • Loop engineering via indel mutations is a viable strategy for improving ER biocatalyst performance.
  • This approach offers a general method for enhancing enzyme activity through rational protein redesign.