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RNA vaccines for cancer: revolutionizing immunization strategies

Di Huang1, Jiahui Zhang1, Xin Zeng1

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.

Trends in Cancer
|October 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

RNA vaccines show promise for cancer immunotherapy by targeting tumor antigens. This review covers RNA vaccine types, clinical uses, and strategies to enhance their effectiveness and safety in cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Cancer vaccines represent a key advance in immunotherapy, stimulating immune responses against tumor antigens.
  • RNA-based vaccines, particularly mRNA technology, have gained prominence following their success in infectious disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review RNA vaccine platforms for cancer immunotherapy.
  • To summarize current clinical applications and future directions in RNA cancer vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of RNA vaccine modalities.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data and research publications.
  • Synthesis of strategies for improving RNA vaccine efficacy and safety.

Main Results:

  • RNA vaccines offer a versatile platform for cancer treatment by targeting specific antigens.
  • Recent clinical studies demonstrate the potential of RNA vaccines in various cancer types.
  • Ongoing research focuses on optimizing delivery, immunogenicity, and safety profiles.

Conclusions:

  • RNA vaccines are a rapidly evolving and promising area of cancer immunotherapy.
  • Further research and development are crucial to overcome challenges and realize the full potential of RNA cancer vaccines.
Keywords:
RNA deliveryRNA vaccinesantitumor immunitycancer vaccinescombination immunotherapytumor-specific antigen (TSA)

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