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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Mechanostimulation of Multicellular Organisms Through a High-Throughput Microfluidic Compression System
Published on: December 23, 2022
Integrator 20th anniversary: a molecular machine indispensable in development and disease
Mina M Tayari1, Ramin Shiekhattar1
1University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, Room 719, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Abstract:
The Integrator complex, composed of at least 19 subunits, associates with RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and exerts critical roles in transcriptional regulation. By interacting with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNAPII, it cleaves nascent RNA transcripts, leading to termination of non-productive transcription in protein-coding genes and processing of diverse noncoding RNAs. Beyond RNA cleavage, Integrator regulates transcription initiation, pause-release, and elongation, while also processing enhancer RNAs. It contributes to genome stability by modulating RNAPII activity during DNA damage and replication stress. Dysfunction of Integrator subunits has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer, underscoring its broad physiological significance. This review highlights recent advances in structure and function that illuminate Integrator's essential roles in development, neurobiology, and disease.
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