[Development and reliability and validity tests of a self-reported questionnaire assessing frame glasses wearing...

Objective: To explore the reliability and validity of the self-reported questionnaire for assessing frame glasses-wearing compliance in myopic children. Methods: The initial item pool of the questionnaire was preliminarily constructed by systematically sorting out the research results related to the compliance of myopic children with spectacle wearing through the literature review method, combined with structured interviews with 5 myopic children. First, 18 experts meeting the specified criteria were selected to conduct 3 rounds of expert consultation to optimize the item pool. Then, 5 experts with a master's degree or above and proficient in scale development methods were selected from them to conduct content validity evaluation. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) were calculated to assess the content validity. Meanwhile, the items were optimized in combination with a pilot test (50 myopic children were selected for 3 rounds of pilot surveys) to form the final version of the questionnaire. From November 2022 to January 2023, 494 myopic children aged 10-15 years who wore frame glasses for myopia prevention and control were recruited from urban areas of Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province to conduct a questionnaire survey. For reliability analysis, split-half reliability and Cronbach's α coefficient were used for evaluation; for validity analysis, content validity and construct validity were adopted. Among them, content validity was measured with I-CVI and S-CVI as indicators; construct validity was analyzed through exploratory factor analysis, where the suitability of data was first determined by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and Bartlett's test of sphericity, and then evaluated using indicators including the cumulative variance contribution rate of common factors, item factor loading coefficient, and common factor variance. Results: The final questionnaire consisted of 8 scale items and 1 non-scale item. Exploratory factor analysis of the 8 scale items (KMO=0.713, Bartlett's test of sphericity P<0.001) extracted 3 common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 62.565%. The factor loading of each item ranged from 0.52 to 0.88, and the common factor variance of all items was>0.5. Based on this, the 3 factors were named as three dimensions: Glasses-Wearing Habits (3 items), Extent of Glasses Usage (3 items), and Self-Monitoring (2 items). The 1 non-scale item was used to explore the barriers to glasses-wearing compliance. In terms of reliability, the Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.720, and the split-half coefficient was 0.719. In terms of validity, the S-CVI was 0.875, and the I-CVI ranged from 0.800 to 1.000. Conclusion: The questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a standardized tool for assessing glasses-wearing compliance in myopic children aged 10-15 years.