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Related Concept Videos

Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

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Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
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Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

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The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
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Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

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Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as...
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Molecular Shape and Polarity

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Dipole Moment of a Molecule
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Reversible shape memory two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks.

Mingchao Shao1,2, Jinyang Chen1,3, Wenqiang Gao1,4

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.

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|October 10, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shape memory two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks exhibit reversible stacking phases and tunable pore sizes. This breakthrough enables dynamic control over permeability and intelligent responses for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2DCOFs) possess unique properties like nanochannels and tunable pore sizes.
  • Reversible stacking phases in 2DCOFs are crucial for applications in nanoelectronics, nanoreactors, and gas separation.
  • Achieving controllable reversible stacking, beyond the stable slipped AA-phase, remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer 2DCOFs with shape memory properties and reversible interlayer stacking sequences.
  • To explore stimuli-responsive mechanisms for controlling pore size and environment in 2DCOFs.
  • To demonstrate the potential of these materials in dynamically tunable permeability and intelligent response systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of 2DCOFs designed for reversible stacking.
  • Induction of different stacking phases (AA and inclined) using controlled conditions like 'hot ice' formation.
  • Adsorption of molecules (e.g., Tetrahydrofuran) within confined nanochannels to influence interlayer interactions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully realized shape memory 2DCOFs with switchable interlayer stacking.
  • Demonstrated that 'hot ice' induces AA stacking, while adsorbed Tetrahydrofuran induces inclined stacking.
  • Showcased reversible changes in pore size and environment within the 2DCOF nanochannels.

Conclusions:

  • The developed shape memory 2DCOFs offer a novel platform for dynamic pore size and environment control.
  • These materials exhibit tunable permeability, paving the way for intelligent responsive systems.
  • The findings present significant potential for future advancements in nanoelectronics, nanoreactors, and separation technologies.