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AI-driven abstract generating: evaluating LLMs with a tailored prompt under the PRISMA-A framework.

Gizem Boztaş Demi̇r1, Şule Gökmen2, Yağızalp Süküt2

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Gulhane Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey. gizem.demir@sbu.edu.tr.

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|October 11, 2025
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Summary

ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Pro can generate structured abstracts for systematic reviews. ChatGPT-4o achieved higher quality scores, particularly in reporting included studies and synthesizing results, demonstrating its superior performance in adhering to the PRISMA Abstract Checklist.

Keywords:
ChatGPTGeminiLarge language modelsMeta-analysesPRISMA-APrompt engineeringSystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Publishing
  • Natural Language Processing for Medical Literature

Background:

  • Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are crucial for evidence-based dentistry.
  • Reporting these reviews according to standards like the PRISMA Abstract Checklist can be time-consuming.
  • Large language models (LLMs) offer potential solutions for efficient abstract generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Pro in generating structured abstracts from full-text systematic reviews.
  • To evaluate abstract generation based on adherence to the PRISMA Abstract (PRISMA-A) Checklist.
  • To assess the utility of a customized prompt for LLM-based abstract creation in orthodontics.

Main Methods:

  • 162 systematic reviews and meta-analyses from Q1-ranked orthodontic journals (since 2019) were analyzed.
  • Full-text articles were processed by ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Pro using a PRISMA-A Checklist-aligned prompt.
  • Abstract quality was scored using a tailored Overall Quality Score (OQS) derived from the PRISMA-A checklist; reliability and model comparisons were statistically assessed.

Main Results:

  • Both LLMs generated satisfactory PRISMA-A compliant abstracts.
  • ChatGPT-4o consistently achieved higher Overall Quality Scores (OQS) than Gemini Pro (mean OQS 21.67 vs. 21.00, p < 0.001).
  • ChatGPT-4o demonstrated superior performance in the 'Included Studies' and 'Synthesis of Results' sections, producing more complete and coherent outputs.

Conclusions:

  • Both ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Pro can generate PRISMA-A compliant abstracts.
  • ChatGPT-4o demonstrated superior quality and adherence to the PRISMA-A checklist compared to Gemini Pro.
  • The developed prompt and LLM approach show promise for broader application in evidence-based dental and medical research to streamline reporting.