Advances in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing: Applications and Mechanistic Insights in Haematopoietic Malignancies

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, also known as single-cell transcriptome sequencing, has become a key tool in biology and medicine, enabling deeper insights into cellular diversity and disease mechanisms. Since 2009 when scRNA-seq technology was first introduced, many technologies have been developed and improved, with a wide range of applications in haematopoietic malignancies, solid tumours, and other fields. These technologies have been used by researchers to map transcriptomes, study intra- and inter-cellular heterogeneity, investigate tumour microenvironments, analyse specific cellular subpopulations, and assist in clinical studies. This review categorises scRNA-seq on the basis of different single-cell amplification techniques, provides an overview of the principles of currently commonly used scRNA-seq techniques, discusses the application of scRNA-seq in the context of haematopoietic malignancies, and will hopefully play a role in the future development of single-cell sequencing technologies.