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Infant Formula for the Prevention and Treatment of Neonatal Hypoglycaemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ariba Iqbal1, Jane E Harding1, Luling Lin1

  • 1Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|October 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Infant formula

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Metabolic disorders

Background:

  • Neonatal hypoglycaemia is a common condition in newborns.
  • Severe or prolonged low blood sugar can cause brain injury.
  • Infant formula is a potential intervention for neonatal hypoglycaemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of infant formula.
  • To evaluate formula for both prevention and treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies.
  • Searched four databases and four trial registries.
  • Assessed study quality using Cochrane Risk of Bias-1 and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Main Results:

  • Included 12 studies (1 RCT, 11 cohort studies).
  • Evidence for formula preventing neonatal hypoglycaemia is very uncertain (OR 3.01, very low certainty).
  • One RCT suggests formula may be more effective than oral dextrose gel for correction (RR 1.27, low certainty).

Conclusions:

  • The role of infant formula in preventing neonatal hypoglycaemia is uncertain.
  • Formula may be more effective than dextrose gel in treating neonatal hypoglycaemia.
Abstract

Keywords:
hypoglycaemiainfant formulaneonatepreventiontreatment

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