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Species reordering increases community variability driven by chronic nutrient addition.

Bo Meng1,2, Alesia J Hallmark1, Timothy J Ohlert3

  • 1Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

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|October 11, 2025
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Summary

Chronic nitrogen addition disrupted the stabilizing effect of perennial grasses on arid grasslands, leading to increased community variability. This occurred despite initial declines in dominant grasses post-wildfire.

Keywords:
community variabilityconvergent cross‐mappinginterspecific interactionnutrient additionspecies reordering

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Community Dynamics
  • Ecosystem Function

Background:

  • Species reordering is a common community response to disturbances and anthropogenic drivers.
  • Understanding competitive interactions under global environmental change is limited by data scarcity and interaction uncertainties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify compositional dynamics and causal interactions in an arid grassland under chronic nutrient enrichment post-wildfire.
  • To test the hypothesis that nutrient addition promotes species reordering, increasing biomass and compositional variation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 15 years of long-term data from an arid grassland experiment.
  • Applied time series analysis and convergent cross-mapping to assess compositional dynamics and causal interactions among functional groups.
  • Investigated effects of chronic nitrogen (N) addition following a wildfire.

Main Results:

  • Contrary to hypotheses, annual forb abundance increased under N addition only after a decade.
  • Convergent cross-mapping showed N addition eliminated the causal influence of dominant grass (Bouteloua eriopoda) on annual forbs.
  • Temporal variability in biomass and community composition increased with rising annual forb abundance.

Conclusions:

  • The competitive advantage of perennial plants normally stabilizes community variability by limiting annuals' response to precipitation.
  • Chronic nitrogen addition disrupts this stabilizing mechanism, leading to destabilization without changes in species richness.
  • This study reveals the destabilizing effects of community reordering driven by anthropogenic nutrient loading.