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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

13.9K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Layered Double Hydroxides as Building Blocks for Precise Catalysis.

Xiaohu Ge1, Yundao Jing1, Nihong An2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-Carbon Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|October 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are tunable 2D materials used as catalyst precursors. LDH-derived catalysts offer enhanced performance in various chemical reactions due to their controlled active sites and interfaces.

Keywords:
Active site engineeringLayered double hydroxidesPrecise catalysisStructure‐performance relationshipTopotactic transformation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are structurally tunable, 2D materials.
  • LDHs serve as versatile precursors for heterogeneous catalyst design.
  • Their lamellar architecture and compositional flexibility allow fabrication of catalysts with controlled active sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in synthesis, structure-function relationships, and catalytic applications of LDH-based catalysts.
  • To highlight the potential of LDH-derived materials in precise catalysis for sustainable energy and chemical transformations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of monometallic, bimetallic, and intermetallic catalysts from LDHs.
  • Characterization of catalyst properties like metal dispersion, metal-support interactions, and interfacial defects.
  • Evaluation of catalytic performance in electrocatalysis, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and syngas conversion.

Main Results:

  • LDH-derived catalysts exhibit high metal dispersion, strong metal-support interactions, and defect-rich interfaces.
  • These catalysts show enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability in diverse reactions like oxygen evolution, CO2 reduction, and hydrogenation.
  • Tailoring active site geometry, electronic structure, and interfacial properties is key to performance.

Conclusions:

  • LDH-derived catalysts represent a promising platform for precise catalysis.
  • Challenges include understanding transformation mechanisms and dynamic active sites.
  • Future research combining operando spectroscopy, theory, and data-driven approaches is crucial.