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Related Concept Videos

Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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tRNA-overlapping long non-coding RNA loci repress codon-biased genes.

Sameen Ahmed1, Jacob L Fine2, Jordan J Chalmers1

  • 1Genetics and Genome Biology Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.

Cell Reports
|October 11, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified tRNA-overlapping lncRNAs (tROLs) crucial for cartilage development. These long non-coding RNAs regulate nearby genes and tRNA expression, acting as a bridge between non-coding and coding genomes.

Keywords:
CP: Molecular biologyLINC00324chondrogenesisgene regulationgenome organizationinter-chromosomal contactlncRNAtRNAtROL

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-sensitive FISH Detection of Locus-specific Ribosomal RNA Transcription in Drosophila melanogaster
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • The functions of most long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding lncRNA roles is critical for deciphering gene regulation.
  • lncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their diverse regulatory functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel class of lncRNAs, termed tRNA-overlapping lncRNAs (tROLs).
  • To investigate the function of tROLs in cartilage development and gene expression.
  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms involving tROLs, tRNA expression, and protein-coding genes.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of tROL genes upregulated during in vitro cartilage development.
  • Analysis of gene expression changes following tROL whole-gene deletions.
  • Investigation of codon bias in downregulated genes.
  • Assessment of tRNA expression levels upon tROL inhibition or degradation.
  • Chromosomal interaction analysis of tROL loci.

Main Results:

  • tROL genes are upregulated during in vitro cartilage development.
  • tROL deletions alter the expression of codon-biased genes, particularly those with codons corresponding to overlapping tRNAs.
  • tROL loci are located in gene-dense regions and exhibit inter-chromosomal interactions.
  • tROL whole-gene deletions lead to upregulation of neighboring genes.
  • Inhibition or degradation of tROL transcripts results in decreased tRNA expression.

Conclusions:

  • tROL loci function collectively, relying on mutual transcription to regulate nearby genes and modulate tRNA expression.
  • tROLs act as a regulatory link between the non-coding and coding genomes.
  • This study reveals a previously uncharacterized role for tROLs in gene regulation and tRNA homeostasis.