Phosphate carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites with ketoconazole from eggshell waste as a drug delivery platform...

Nowadays, producing an innovative platform for a controlled drug delivery system using agroindustry waste is a great opportunity for the sustainable, economic, and developed world. Thus, this research produced innovative nanocomposites based on the production of phosphate nanoparticles by the co-precipitation method on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using eggshell and incorporating ketoconazole to combat Candida albicans in odontology treatments. Then, Raman, XRD, and SEM analyses were used to characterize these nanocomposites. Additionally, the kinetics of drug release were studied, including antimicrobial activity and cell viability. The results showed that effective nanocomposites with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles incorporated with a size close to 20 nm, modified by ketoconazole, were produced. Moreover, the ketoconazole does not affect the morphological and crystalline structure of the nanocomposite, and the CMC enhances its antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, all samples presented biocompatibility, as no cytotoxicity was visualized (≥85 %). Thus, these results showed that these nanocomposites possess a high potential for application in endodontic and periodontic treatment in odontology applications.