The effects of reward expectation and conceptual unitization during encoding on associative recognition: Evidence
Xintong Qi1, Ping Wei1, Qin Zhang1
1Learning and Cognition Key Laboratory of Beijing, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China.
Abstract:
Previous studies have shown that both reward expectation and conceptual unitization can promote associative memory performance, but little is known about how reward affects two processes of associative memory retrieval (i.e., familiarity and recollection) and whether reward and conceptual unitization have mutual influence on associative recognition. Therefore, this study aims to explore the separate and mutual role of them on associative recognition and their underlying mechanisms through the R/K paradigm (Experiment 1) and event-related potential (ERP) measures (Experiment 2) under consistent unitization-congruence (UC) (Experiment 1) and inconsistent UC (Experiment 2) conditions. Results showed that, under UC-consistent condition, reward promoted associative recognition performance (Prs) through recollection, while conceptual unitization (compounds vs. noncompounds) impaired overall Prs but increased hit rates with reducing recollection but strengthening familiarity. Additionally, for hits, reward weakened the conceptual unitization effect and reward effect only appeared in noncompounds. Under UC-inconsistent condition, results showed the same reward effect and the opposite unitization effect on Prs as Experiment 1. ERP results revealed that in the test phase, reward effects were found in FN400 on frontal location and LPC on frontal and central location with more positive amplitudes for rewarded stimuli, indicating more semantic unitization processing and cognitive efforts putting into them, and conceptual unitization enhanced Prs through familiarity and recollection processes. And ERP reward effects still just existed in noncompounds. The above results indicated that the mechanisms by which reward and conceptual unitization affected associative recognition changed with UC.
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