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Exploring pathogen-specific somatic cell patterns in dairy ewes during early lactation.

M Schneider1, M Fonseca2, E M Ramos-Sanchez3

  • 1Universidade Federal Fronteira Sul, Realeza 85770-000, Brazil.

Journal of Dairy Science
|October 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies Staphylococcus simulans as a major mastitis pathogen in dairy ewes, causing significant increases in somatic cell counts (SCC) and neutrophils. Other Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) species showed milder inflammatory effects.

Keywords:
dairy sheepintramammary infectionmastitissomatic cell count

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The postpartum period is crucial for mastitis susceptibility in dairy ewes.
  • Species-specific impacts of mastitis pathogens on milk somatic cell count (SCC) and differential inflammatory cell counts (DICC) are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathogen-specific effects on microscopic SCC and DICC in milk and colostrum from Lacaune dairy ewes during early lactation.
  • To identify the primary etiological agents of intramammary infections (IMI) and their inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 586 milk and colostrum samples from 50 ewes over 6 postpartum time points.
  • Utilized bacteriological analysis, MALDI-TOF MS for pathogen identification, and DNA-specific cell counting for SCC and DICC.
  • Classified Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) species based on their inflammatory impact.

Main Results:

  • Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) were the main causes of IMI, with Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus chromogenes being most frequent.
  • Staphylococcus simulans IMI led to the highest SCC and neutrophil percentages, classifying it as a major mastitis pathogen.
  • Staphylococcus xylosus and S. chromogenes were identified as minor pathogens, causing mild or no inflammation; colostrum showed high lymphocyte counts.

Conclusions:

  • Staphylococcus simulans is a significant mastitis pathogen in dairy ewes, while S. xylosus and S. chromogenes are less virulent.
  • Multiparous ewes exhibited higher SCC, potentially due to persistent IMI.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand SCC and DICC effects and their practical applications in dairy ewes.