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Multi-Modal Droplet Manipulation on Laser-Patterned Stimulus-Responsive Gradient Surfaces: Enabling Anti-Gravity

Kongbo Wang1, Qibo Wang1, Yongling Wu1

  • 1Centre for Advanced Laser Manufacturing (CALM), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created bionic superhydrophobic surfaces for advanced droplet manipulation. These surfaces use laser ablation and stimuli-responsiveness for controlled, gravity-defying liquid transport, inspired by nature.

Keywords:
Marangoni flowdroplet climbinglaser-patternedmagnetic/NIR-responsivemultigradient bioinspired gradient surfaces (MGBs)

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Engineering
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Superhydrophobic surfaces mimic natural structures like lotus leaves for water repellency.
  • Controlling droplet movement on surfaces is crucial for microfluidic applications.
  • Existing methods often lack multimodal control or adaptability to complex surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop laser-ablated multigradient bionic superhydrophobic surfaces (MGBs) for advanced droplet manipulation.
  • To integrate passive structural gradients with active stimuli-responsiveness.
  • To achieve multimodal control over droplet transport, including autonomous and gravity-defying movement.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of MGBs on Fe3O4@PDMS membranes using laser ablation.
  • Achieving superhydrophobicity (contact angle ≈ 156°) with wedge-step structures.
  • Surface wettability switching to superslippery states via silicone-oil infusion for liquid-liquid slippage (sliding angle < 3°).
  • Utilizing passive Laplace pressure gradients and active magnetic/near-infrared (NIR) responses for control.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated autonomous droplet transport with a peak velocity of 87.75 mm/s using wettability gradients.
  • Magnetic actuation reduced contact angle hysteresis (Δθ = 10°), enabling long-distance transport.
  • NIR-triggered Marangoni flow achieved antigravity droplet climbing on a 43° incline at 0.24 mm/s.
  • The platform showed adaptability to curved and irregular surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MGB platform offers synergistic bioinspired design with magnetic/photothermal stimulation for microfluidic control.
  • This approach overcomes limitations of traditional single-mode droplet manipulation.
  • The technology enables self-propelled, gravity-defying microfluidic operations on diverse surfaces.