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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
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Entropic Modulation of Divalent Cation Transport.

Yechan Noh1, Demian Riccardi2, Alex Smolyanitsky2

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|October 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Transporting divalent cations through subnanoscale pores involves overcoming energy barriers. This study reveals that cation hydration shells rotate and order within the pore, creating a tight transition state that influences transport mechanisms.

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